How Many Calories in a 6 Oz Ground Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the earth's favorite film characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had and so much going on backside the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the pic, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that make the honey film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Moving picture
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a part in the 1939 movie accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a v-week deal. In the cease, Hamilton was on ready for three months, but many of her scenes were cutting for beingness too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Moving picture Star Than Farm Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the sixteen-year-sometime Garland had to clothing a corset-like device then she looked more than similar a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland habiliment a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Dandy Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to run into the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the consequence of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was notwithstanding Hollywood's preferred choice for fake snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't grab any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Man'southward) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Man'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'southward makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some bug. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven blueprint that mimicked the look of burlap. After the moving picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a yr to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the outset accept, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2nd- and third-degree burns on her easily and face up. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'southward legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source textile — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Most as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to aid populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Flooring
To no ane'southward surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #one on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise yous? The (arguably) about iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song fabricated the Kansas scenes also long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room flooring.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have information technology piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "can" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years after, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assist folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new grapheme, the Tin Man, caused him a world of problems. Namely, the character'south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold upward. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has e'er been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to brand roughly $8 meg.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it however didn't reverberate the film'south success. Fifty-fifty more than discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'due south title card — equally the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the rubber of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast thespian Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic graphic symbol instead.
To make a convincing fauna, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit made from real king of beasts skin. Nonetheless, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands stale the costume for the next solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The flick started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'south nearly $50 meg adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $iii one thousand thousand at the box office — most $51.eight million by today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving-picture show, remember that Disney made $8 one thousand thousand with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz's minor success in the U.Due south. barely covered production and motion picture rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Nighttime Side of Oz in a Time Earlier "Me Also"
Judy Garland was but sixteen years erstwhile when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them slumber after studios shot them up with adrenaline and so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Limited, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her footling more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalization of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated picture show Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Not only did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — and then the most successful motion picture of all time — with an accommodation of The Magician of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin can Man's "If I Just Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silvery, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nigh ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'south National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Just One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype take chances story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, almost all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the merely location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the about dear dogs in movie history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterward 1 of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to find one that resembled the original canine histrion more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton as well believed her grapheme was more than than merely your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than 35 years afterwards the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to evidence kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nearly the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this approach to the Witch'southward character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a dissimilar color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motion chop-chop — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in lodge to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to go far before five:00 in the morning — half dozen days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Frequently Misquoted) Lines Fill the Moving-picture show
The flick is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Motion picture Lines" and placed a whopping 3 of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the drape" was voted #24, while "There's no place like domicile" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterwards Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young daughter's anxiety. However, burn down strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make information technology look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oft heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait best on film, peculiarly in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's dress is really pink — only because it filmed improve. And the oil the Can Man is and so excited almost? It'south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Due east Makes More Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West'due south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruddy slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt information technology was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the movie was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance besides frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'southward starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the ready described Garland excitedly showing off a clothes to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small-scale syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a chip of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the motion-picture show'due south debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation credence to this theory.
Ane of History's About-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the aforementioned year, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (You may accept heard of that piffling movie — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'south musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The picture show was outset circulate on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology'due south believed that The Magician of Oz is i of the ten most-watched characteristic-length movies in motion-picture show history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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